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HomeMasaoka-Koga Staging (Thymoma)
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Masaoka-Koga Staging (Thymoma)

Clinical Context & Background

The Masaoka-Koga staging system describes the anatomic extent of thymoma, specifically regarding capsular invasion and involvement of surrounding structures. It is the primary determinant of treatment (surgery vs chemoradiation) and prognosis.
Primary Source EvidenceKoga K, et al. A review of 79 thymomas: modification of staging system and reassessment of conventional division into invasive and non-invasive thymoma. Pathol Int. 1994;44(5):359-367.
Formula Logic
Stage I-IV based on invasion level.

Reference Data

StageDescriptionManagement
IEncapsulated, No invasionSurgery alone
IIAMicroscopic capsular invasionSurgery +/- RT
IIBMacroscopic invasion into fatSurgery + RT
IIIInvasion of neighboring organsChemo + Surgery + RT
IVDisseminated (Pleural/Pericardial/Distant)Systemic Therapy

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